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Pediatric Oncology is a medical specialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers in children and adolescents.
Here are some common types as below:
Diagnosis:
1. Medical History and Physical Examination: Initial assessment and detailed history taking.
2. Imaging Studies: X-rays, CT scans, MRI, PET scans, and ultrasounds to identify and locate tumors.
3. Biopsy: Surgical removal of a small sample of tissue for histological examination.
4. Laboratory Tests: Blood tests, bone marrow aspiration, lumbar puncture, and genetic testing.
Treatment:
1. Surgery: To remove tumors or obtain biopsy samples.
2. Chemotherapy: Use of drugs to kill cancer cells, often administered in cycles.
3. Radiation Therapy: Use of high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors.
4. Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific molecules involved in cancer growth and progression.
5. Immunotherapy: Treatments that enhance the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
6. Stem Cell Transplant: Replacement of diseased bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
Supportive Care:
1. Pain Management: Use of medications and therapies to manage pain.
2. Nutritional Support: Ensuring adequate nutrition during treatment.
3. Psychosocial Support: Counseling and support for the child and family.
4. Rehabilitation Services: Physical therapy, occupational therapy, and other services to aid recovery.
Follow-up Care:
1. Regular Monitoring: Follow-up visits to monitor for recurrence or late effects of treatment.
2. Long-term Survivorship Care: Managing long-term effects and enhancing the quality of life for survivors.