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Lung cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the lungs.
Lung cancer occurs when cells in the lung mutate or change, often leading to the formation of tumors. These tumors can interfere with the normal function of the lungs, affecting breathing and potentially spreading to other parts of the body if left untreated.
Here are some common types as below:
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
Following are the procedure steps:
Screening: Screening for lung cancer is recommended for individuals at high risk, such as current or former smokers. Common screening methods include low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans.
Diagnosis: If a suspicious lesion is detected on imaging or if symptoms suggestive of lung cancer are present, further diagnostic tests are performed. These may include:
1. Biopsy:
A sample of tissue is taken from the lung lesion for examination under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present.
2. Bronchoscopy:
A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the mouth or nose into the lungs to visualize the airways and take tissue samples.
3. Imaging tests:
CT scans, PET scans, and other imaging tests help determine the size and location of the tumor and whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Staging: Staging determines the extent and spread of the cancer. It helps guide treatment decisions and provides information about prognosis. Staging may involve imaging tests, biopsies, and sometimes surgical exploration.
Treatment Planning: Once the cancer is staged, a treatment plan is developed. The plan may involve a combination of treatments tailored to the individual patient and the characteristics of the cancer.
Treatment options include:
1. Surgery:
Removal of the tumor and surrounding tissue may be an option for early-stage lung cancer.
2. Radiation therapy:
High-energy beams are used to destroy cancer cells or shrink tumors.
3. Chemotherapy:
Powerful drugs are used to kill cancer cells or stop their growth.
4. Targeted therapy:
Drugs that target specific abnormalities present within cancer cells are used for certain types of lung cancer.
5. Immunotherapy:
Drugs that help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells are used for some types of lung cancer.
Treatment: Treatment is typically carried out according to the planned approach, which may involve one or more of the options mentioned above. The specific regimen and duration depend on the stage and type of lung cancer.
Follow-Up Care: After treatment, patients undergo regular follow-up appointments to monitor for any signs of cancer recurrence or treatment-related side effects. Follow-up may involve physical exams, imaging tests, and other assessments.