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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a treatment method that uses photosensitizing agents, along with light, to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that can kill cancer cells.
Photodynamic therapy involves three key components:
Photodynamic therapy is a non-invasive cancer treatment.
Administration of Photosensitizer: The patient receives a photosensitizer, which can be administered intravenously, orally, or topically, depending on the type of cancer and its location.
Accumulation Period: The photosensitizer is allowed to accumulate in the cancer cells. The duration of this period can vary from a few hours to a few days.
Activation with Light: After the accumulation period, the tumor area is exposed to a specific wavelength of light.
This light activation can be done using various light sources, such as lasers, LEDs, or lamps, depending on the treatment area.
Reaction and Treatment: The activated photosensitizer produces reactive oxygen species that kill cancer cells, damage blood vessels in the tumor, and stimulate an immune response against the tumor.
Post-Treatment Care: The patient may need to avoid bright light for a period following the procedure, as the photosensitizer can remain in the body and make the skin and eyes sensitive to light.