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Skin Cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the cells of the skin. It occurs when skin cells grow uncontrollably and form a malignant tumor.
Here are some common types as below:
Diagnosis
1. Physical Examination: Dermatologists examine the skin for signs of cancer.
2. Biopsy: Removing a sample of suspicious skin for laboratory analysis.
Shave biopsy: A razor-like tool is used to remove a small section of the top layer of skin.
Punch biopsy: A circular blade is used to remove a deeper skin sample.
Excisional biopsy: Entire growth or suspicious area is removed for examination.
Treatment
1. Surgical Procedures:
Excisional Surgery: Cutting out the cancerous tissue along with a margin of healthy skin.
Mohs Surgery: Removing the cancer layer by layer, examining each layer under a microscope until no abnormal cells remain.
Curettage and Electrodessication: Scraping away the cancer cells and using electricity to kill remaining cells.
2. Radiation Therapy: Using high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
3. Cryotherapy: Freezing cancer cells with liquid nitrogen.
4. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT): Using laser light and drugs to destroy cancer cells.
5. Topical Treatments: Applying creams or ointments containing anti-cancer agents directly to the skin.
6. Chemotherapy: Systemic treatment with drugs to kill cancer cells. Typically used for advanced or metastatic skin cancer.
7. Immunotherapy: Boosting the body's immune system to fight cancer. Includes drugs like pembrolizumab and nivolumab for advanced melanoma.
8. Targeted Therapy: Using drugs to target specific genes or proteins that contribute to cancer growth, such as BRAF inhibitors for melanoma.
Follow-up:
Regular follow-up is crucial for early detection of recurrence or new cancers. This includes periodic skin examinations by a dermatologist and self-examinations.