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Thyroid Cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the thyroid gland, which is located at the base of the neck.
Here are some common types as below:
1. Diagnosis:
Physical Exam and Medical History: Evaluation of symptoms and family history.
Imaging Tests: Ultrasound, radioactive iodine scans, CT scans, MRI, and PET scans to detect abnormalities and metastasis.
Biopsy: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy to examine thyroid cells for cancer.
2. Treatment:
Surgery: The primary treatment for most types of thyroid cancer. Options include lobectomy (removal of part of the thyroid), total thyroidectomy (removal of the entire thyroid), and sometimes removal of nearby lymph nodes.
Radioactive Iodine Therapy: Used after surgery to destroy any remaining thyroid tissue and cancer cells.
Thyroid Hormone Therapy: To replace hormones and suppress the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) that could stimulate cancer growth.
External Beam Radiation Therapy: For cases where cancer doesn't respond to radioactive iodine or has spread beyond the thyroid.
Chemotherapy: Generally for anaplastic thyroid cancer or other advanced thyroid cancers not responding to other treatments.
Targeted Therapy: Drugs that target specific mutations in cancer cells, used in advanced or metastatic thyroid cancer.
Monitoring: Regular follow-up with blood tests (to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroglobulin) and imaging tests to detect recurrence.