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Brain cancer is an abnormal growth of cells within the brain tissue, leading to the formation of tumors.
Brain cancer can cause a range of symptoms depending on its location, size, and rate of growth. These symptoms may include headaches, seizures, changes in vision or hearing, difficulty with balance or coordination, cognitive impairment, and personality or behavioral changes.
Here are some common types as below:
- Gliomas
- Meningiomas
- Medulloblastomas
- Pituitary adenomas
- Schwannomas
- Primary CNS lymphoma
Following are the procedure steps:
Medical History and Physical Examination: The process typically begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination by a healthcare provider. The doctor will ask about symptoms, risk factors, and any relevant medical history.
Neurological Examination: A neurological examination may be performed to assess brain function, including tests of reflexes, coordination, sensation, and mental status.
Imaging Studies: Imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to visualize the brain and detect any abnormalities, including tumors. These imaging tests help determine the size, location, and characteristics of the tumor.
Biopsy: A biopsy involves removing a small sample of tissue from the tumor for examination under a microscope. This procedure is typically performed using image-guided techniques such as stereotactic biopsy or during surgery. The biopsy provides crucial information about the type of tumor and helps guide treatment decisions.
Tumor Grading: After a biopsy or surgical resection, the tumor tissue is examined by a pathologist who assigns a grade to the tumor based on its characteristics. Tumor grading helps predict how quickly the tumor is likely to grow and spread.
Treatment Planning: Once the diagnosis is confirmed and the tumor is characterized, a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including neurosurgeons, oncologists, radiation oncologists, and others, collaborates to develop a personalized treatment plan. Treatment options may include:
- Surgery: Surgical resection aims to remove as much of the tumor as possible while minimizing damage to healthy brain tissue. In some cases, complete removal of the tumor may not be feasible due to its location or size.
- Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy uses high-energy X-rays or other forms of radiation to destroy cancer cells or inhibit their growth. It may be used as the primary treatment or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells or prevent them from dividing. Chemotherapy may be administered orally or intravenously and can be used as a standalone treatment or in combination with other therapies.
- Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy drugs specifically target molecules or pathways involved in cancer growth and progression. These therapies may be used for certain types of brain cancer that have specific molecular targets.
Monitoring and Follow-Up: After treatment, patients undergo regular follow-up appointments to monitor their progress, manage side effects, and assess for any signs of recurrence. Imaging studies may be repeated periodically to evaluate the response to treatment and detect any recurrence of the tumor.