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Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach that plays an essential role in digestion and blood sugar regulation.

The pancreas has two main functions: it produces enzymes that aid digestion and hormones such as insulin that regulate blood sugar levels. Pancreatic cancer is often aggressive and has a poor prognosis because it is typically diagnosed at a late stage when it has already spread to other parts of the body.

Here are some common types as below:

  • Exocrine Pancreatic Cancer
  • Endocrine Pancreatic Cancer
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CANCER PANCREATIC CANCER - Services

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Following are the procedure steps for Diagnosis:

Imaging Tests:

1. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan: Detailed cross-sectional images of the pancreas.

2. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): High-resolution images using magnetic fields.

3. Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): An endoscope combined with an ultrasound probe to get detailed images.

4. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan: Detects cancerous cells through radioactive tracers.

Biopsy:

1. Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA): A needle guided by EUS or CT to obtain a tissue sample.

2. Core Needle Biopsy: A larger needle to remove a small cylinder of tissue.

Blood Tests:

1. CA 19-9: A tumor marker that is often elevated in pancreatic cancer.

2. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA): Another tumor marker that can be elevated.

Following are the procedure steps for Treatment:

Surgical Procedures:

1. Whipple Procedure (Pancreaticoduodenectomy): Removes the head of the pancreas, part of the small intestine, gallbladder, and bile duct.

2. Distal Pancreatectomy: Removes the tail and a portion of the body of the pancreas, often including the spleen.

3. Total Pancreatectomy: Removes the entire pancreas, part of the small intestine, part of the stomach, common bile duct, gallbladder, spleen, and nearby lymph nodes.

Radiation Therapy:

1. External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): Directs high-energy beams at the cancer from outside the body.

2. Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT): Delivers high doses of radiation precisely to the tumor.

Chemotherapy:

1. Gemcitabine and Nab-paclitaxel: Common combination for advanced pancreatic cancer.

2. FOLFIRINOX: A combination of five chemotherapy drugs for patients who can tolerate intensive treatment.

Targeted Therapy:

1. Erlotinib: Targets the EGFR protein.

2. PARP Inhibitors: For cancers with BRCA mutations.

Immunotherapy:

1. Checkpoint Inhibitors: Such as pembrolizumab for patients with specific genetic mutations.