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Dialysis is a medical procedure used to remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
Here are some common types as below:
1. Access Creation:
Before starting hemodialysis, a vascular access site is created to allow for repeated access to the bloodstream. There are three main types of access:
Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula: The most preferred option, where an artery and a vein are surgically connected, usually in the arm. It takes several weeks to mature before it can be used.
AV Graft: A synthetic tube connecting an artery and a vein, used when veins are not suitable for a fistula.
Central Venous Catheter: A temporary access option, typically used for short-term or emergency dialysis.
2. Dialyzer (Artificial Kidney):
A specialized filter that removes waste products and excess fluids from the blood. The blood flows through the dialyzer, and a solution called dialysate flows on the other side of a semipermeable membrane. Waste and extra fluid move from the blood into the dialysate.
3. Dialysis Process:
Blood is drawn from the body through the vascular access and passed into the dialysis machine.
The dialyzer filters out waste products (like urea, creatinine) and extra fluid from the blood, while retaining essential electrolytes and nutrients.
The filtered blood is returned to the body through the vascular access.
The procedure typically lasts about 4 hours and is usually done 3 times a week.
4. Monitoring and Care:
During the procedure, a healthcare professional monitors vital signs such as blood pressure, heart rate, and the condition of the access site.
Patients are advised on fluid intake, dietary restrictions, and medication to ensure the treatment is effective and to prevent complications.